Fish Brain Anatomy

Sea Lab project gives new view of crustaceans and evolution

NEW BEDFORD --- Why is a group of scientists intent on studying a one-tenth-inch-long, blind, bottom sediment crustacean 550 million years old? What keeps them glued to their microscopes and petri dishes for six years? Why is it important?

“It is a paradigm shift. It changed our view on crustacean study,” said Martin Stegner recently in a lab classroom at Sea Lab, New Bedford's marine science education facility. He and other visiting German scientists are studying the nervous systems and anatomy of a common crustacean ancestor, to understand how nervous systems, brains, and legs diverged over time in more familiar crustaceans like crabs, and in the case of tiny Precambrian Cephalocarida, why its brain was so developed, on a par with insects, when other creatures evolved simply.

We always think evolution flows from simple to complex, or from low form to high form; sometimes it goes from high to low, explained Mr. Stegner. “I like studying the past,” said the evolutionary morphologist and doctoral candidate at the University of Rostock.

Looking at an image of the tiny creature on a computer screen, or through a microscope, one notices that it resembles a shrimp. In fact, Cephalocarida is commonly referred to by the scientists as a horseshoe shrimp, because it looks like a cross between a horseshoe crab and a shrimp. One notices also a resemblance to a centipede.

“Centipedes have straight legs. Cephalocarida have well developed bifurcated legs, or legs with two branches,” explained Mr. Stegner, marveling again at how advanced this primitive creature is.

Research to learn more about the organism is slow and painstaking. The specimen is tiny, transparent, hard to find in mud sediment, and likes to hide. Each scientist is lucky to find one or two a day. Unlike lobsters that produce large amounts of visible roe, Cephalocarida produce just two hard to see eggs at a time.

“We don't know how often they produce eggs but their chance of survival must be good,” said George Hampson, lead scientist on the research project. “They can't see but they have a well developed sense of smell” that allows them to find and feed on dead organic matter in bottom sediment.

Their life span and survival tactics remain “a mystery—a big part of this is missing,” said Mr. Hampson, a Woods Hole oceanographer emeritus with family roots going back to New Bedford.

Improve Brain Functions with Take Fish Oil | Health Care Support

Improve Brain Functions with Take Fish Oil

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Science

The Journal of comparative neurology

Behaviour and physiology of fish

The Medical news

The anatomical record